标准编号：ISO/IEC Guide 98-4:2012
中文名称：测量的不确定度 第4部分：测量不确定度在一致性评估中的作用
英文名称：Uncertainty of measurement — Part 4: Role of measurement uncertainty in conformity assessment
发布日期：2012-12
标准范围
This document provides guidance and procedures for assessing the conformity of an item (entity, object or system) with specified requirements. The item might be, for example, a gauge block, a grocery scale or a blood sample. The procedures can be applied where the following conditions exist:| the item is distinguished by a single scalar quantity (see 3.2.1) (a measurable property) de ned to a level of detail sucient to be reasonably represented by an essentially unique true value;NOTE The GUM provides a rationale for not using the term `true', but it will be used in this document when there is otherwise a possibility of ambiguity or confusion.| an interval of permissible values of the property is speci ed by one or two tolerance limits;| the property can be measured and the measurement result (see 3.2.5) expressed in a manner consistent with the principles of the GUM, so that knowledge of the value of the property can be reasonably described by (a) a probability density function (see 3.1.3) (PDF), (b) a distribution function (see 3.1.2), (c) numerical approximations to such functions, or (d) a best estimate, together with a coverage interval and an associated coverage probability.The procedures developed in this document can be used to realize an interval, called an acceptance interval, of permissible measured values of the property of interest. Acceptance limits can be chosen so as to balance the risks associated with accepting non-conforming items (consumer's risk) or rejecting conforming items (producer's risk).Two types of conformity assessment problems are addressed. The rst is the setting of acceptance limits that will assure that a desired conformance probability for a single measured item is achieved. The second is the setting of acceptance limits to assure an acceptable level of con dence on average as a number of (nominally identical) items are measured. Guidance is given for their solution.This document contains examples to illustrate the guidance provided. The concepts presented can be extended to more general conformity assessment problems based on measurements of a set of scalar measurands. Documents suchas references [19, 13] cover sector-specific aspects of conformity assessment.The audience of this document includes quality managers, members of standards development organizations, accreditation authorities and the sta s of testing and measuring laboratories, inspection bodies, certification bodies, regulatory agencies, academics and researchers.
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